R Operator

R Operators

Tutorial Name: Codes With Pankaj Website: www.codeswithpankaj.com

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction to R Operators

2. Arithmetic Operators

3. Relational Operators

4. Logical Operators

5. Assignment Operators

6. Miscellaneous Operators

   • Sequence Operator

   • Membership Operator

   • Identity Operator

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1. Introduction to R Operators

In R, operators are symbols that perform specific operations on one or more operands. Operators are used in mathematical calculations, comparisons, and logical evaluations. R supports various types of operators, including arithmetic, relational, logical, and assignment operators.

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2. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

List of Arithmetic Operators:

• + : Addition

• - : Subtraction

• * : Multiplication

• / : Division

• ^ : Exponentiation

• %% : Modulus (remainder of division)

• %/% : Integer division

Example:

# Arithmetic operations
a <- 10
b <- 3

sum <- a + b  # Addition
diff <- a - b  # Subtraction
prod <- a * b  # Multiplication
quot <- a / b  # Division
power <- a ^ b  # Exponentiation
mod <- a %% b  # Modulus
int_div <- a %/% b  # Integer division

print(sum)  # Output: 13
print(diff)  # Output: 7
print(prod)  # Output: 30
print(quot)  # Output: 3.333
print(power)  # Output: 1000
print(mod)  # Output: 1
print(int_div)  # Output: 3

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3. Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values. The result of a relational operation is a logical value (TRUE or FALSE).

List of Relational Operators:

• == : Equal to

• != : Not equal to

• > : Greater than

• < : Less than

• >= : Greater than or equal to

• <= : Less than or equal to

Example:

# Relational operations
x <- 15
y <- 20

equal <- x == y  # FALSE
not_equal <- x != y  # TRUE
greater <- x > y  # FALSE
less <- x < y  # TRUE
greater_equal <- x >= y  # FALSE
less_equal <- x <= y  # TRUE

print(equal)
print(not_equal)
print(greater)
print(less)
print(greater_equal)
print(less_equal)

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4. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions or to negate a condition.

List of Logical Operators:

• & : Element-wise logical AND

• | : Element-wise logical OR

• ! : Logical NOT

• && : Logical AND (used for single logical comparison)

• || : Logical OR (used for single logical comparison)

Example:

# Logical operations
p <- TRUE
q <- FALSE

and_result <- p & q  # Element-wise AND: FALSE
or_result <- p | q  # Element-wise OR: TRUE
not_result <- !p  # Logical NOT: FALSE

print(and_result)
print(or_result)
print(not_result)

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5. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. In R, you can use either <-, =, or -> for assignment.

List of Assignment Operators:

• <- : Assigns value from right to left

• -> : Assigns value from left to right

• = : Assigns value from right to left

Example:

# Assignment operations
x <- 25  # Assigning value using <-
25 -> y  # Assigning value using ->
z = 30  # Assigning value using =

print(x)  # Output: 25
print(y)  # Output: 25
print(z)  # Output: 30

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6. Miscellaneous Operators

6.1 Sequence Operator

The colon : operator is used to create a sequence of numbers.

Example:

# Sequence operation
seq <- 1:10
print(seq)  # Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

6.2 Membership Operator

The %in% operator is used to check if an element belongs to a vector.

Example:

# Membership operation
vec <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
is_member <- 3 %in% vec
print(is_member)  # Output: TRUE

6.3 Identity Operator

The identical() function is used to check if two objects are exactly the same.

Example:

# Identity operation
a <- c(1, 2, 3)
b <- c(1, 2, 3)
c <- a

same <- identical(a, b)  # Output: TRUE
identical(a, c)  # Output: TRUE

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Conclusion

Operators are essential in R programming, enabling you to perform a wide range of operations, from basic arithmetic to logical comparisons. Understanding these operators is key to manipulating data and writing effective R scripts.

For more tutorials and resources, visit Codes With Pankaj at www.codeswithpankaj.com.

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