SQL Launchpad: Exploring the Data Universe

1. Introduction to SQL

  • 1.1 What is SQL?

    • Overview of SQL

    • Importance of SQL in data management

    • SQL in different databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, etc.)

  • 1.2 SQL Setup

    • Installing MySQL (or other DBMS)

    • Setting up the SQL environment (Workbench, Command Line)

  • 1.3 Basic SQL Syntax

    • SQL keywords and case sensitivity

    • Writing SQL statements

    • Comments in SQL

2. SQL Data Types

  • 2.1 Numeric Data Types

    • INTEGER, DECIMAL, FLOAT

    • Choosing appropriate numeric types

  • 2.2 String Data Types

    • CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT

    • Handling large text fields

  • 2.3 Date and Time Data Types

    • DATE, TIME, DATETIME, TIMESTAMP

    • Working with date and time functions

  • 2.4 Boolean Data Types

    • BOOLEAN

    • True/False values in SQL

  • 2.5 Special Data Types

    • ENUM, BLOB, JSON

    • Use cases for special data types

3. SQL Database and Table Creation (DDL - Data Definition Language)

  • 3.1 Creating Databases

    • CREATE DATABASE syntax

    • Database naming conventions

  • 3.2 Creating Tables

    • CREATE TABLE syntax

    • Defining columns and data types

    • Primary keys and foreign keys

    • Auto-increment fields

  • 3.3 Modifying Tables

    • ALTER TABLE syntax

    • Adding, modifying, and deleting columns

    • Renaming tables and columns

  • 3.4 Dropping Tables and Databases

    • DROP TABLE and DROP DATABASE

    • Cascading deletes and precautions

4. SQL Constraints

  • 4.1 Primary Key Constraint

    • Defining and enforcing primary keys

  • 4.2 Foreign Key Constraint

    • Creating relationships between tables

    • Enforcing referential integrity

  • 4.3 Unique Constraint

    • Ensuring unique values in columns

  • 4.4 Not Null Constraint

    • Ensuring required fields

  • 4.5 Default Constraint

    • Setting default values for columns

  • 4.6 Check Constraint

    • Validating data with conditions

5. SQL Data Querying (DQL - Data Query Language)

  • 5.1 Basic SELECT Statement

    • Retrieving data from a table

    • Using SELECT * and specific columns

  • 5.2 Filtering Data with WHERE

    • Conditions and comparison operators

    • Combining conditions with AND, OR, and NOT

  • 5.3 Sorting Data with ORDER BY

    • Sorting results in ascending/descending order

  • 5.4 Limiting Results with LIMIT and OFFSET

    • Fetching a subset of rows

  • 5.5 Removing Duplicates with DISTINCT

    • Ensuring unique results in queries

  • 5.6 Using Aliases

    • Renaming columns and tables in queries

  • 5.7 Pattern Matching with LIKE

    • Using wildcards for flexible searching

  • 5.8 NULL Handling

    • Checking for NULL values with IS NULL and IS NOT NULL

  • 5.9 Conditional Logic with CASE

    • Implementing conditional logic in queries

6. SQL Joins

  • 6.1 Introduction to Joins

    • Understanding the concept of joins

    • The importance of keys in joins

  • 6.2 Inner Join

    • Combining rows from two tables where the join condition is met

    • Syntax and examples

  • 6.3 Left Join (Left Outer Join)

    • Returning all rows from the left table, with matching rows from the right table

  • 6.4 Right Join (Right Outer Join)

    • Returning all rows from the right table, with matching rows from the left table

  • 6.5 Full Outer Join

    • Returning all rows when there is a match in either table

  • 6.6 Cross Join

    • Producing a Cartesian product of two tables

  • 6.7 Self Join

    • Joining a table with itself

  • 6.8 Advanced Joins

    • Using multiple joins in a query

    • Combining different types of joins

7. SQL Data Manipulation (DML - Data Manipulation Language)

  • 7.1 Inserting Data

    • INSERT INTO syntax

    • Inserting single vs. multiple rows

  • 7.2 Updating Data

    • UPDATE syntax

    • Modifying existing records with conditions

  • 7.3 Deleting Data

    • DELETE FROM syntax

    • Deleting specific records with conditions

    • Deleting all records from a table

  • 7.4 Truncating Tables

    • TRUNCATE vs. DELETE

    • When to use TRUNCATE

8. SQL Functions

  • 8.1 Aggregate Functions

    • COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX

    • Using aggregate functions with GROUP BY

  • 8.2 String Functions

    • CONCAT, SUBSTRING, UPPER, LOWER, TRIM

  • 8.3 Date and Time Functions

    • NOW, CURDATE, DATEDIFF, DATE_FORMAT

  • 8.4 Mathematical Functions

    • ROUND, ABS, CEIL, FLOOR

  • 8.5 Conditional Functions

    • IF, IFNULL, COALESCE

  • 8.6 Conversion Functions

    • CAST, CONVERT

9. SQL Subqueries and Nested Queries

  • 9.1 Introduction to Subqueries

    • What are subqueries?

    • When to use subqueries

  • 9.2 Single-Row Subqueries

    • Returning one row from a subquery

  • 9.3 Multi-Row Subqueries

    • Returning multiple rows from a subquery

    • Using IN, ANY, ALL

  • 9.4 Correlated Subqueries

    • Subqueries that depend on the outer query

  • 9.5 Using Subqueries in SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE

10. SQL Views

  • 10.1 What is a View?

    • Definition and purpose of views

  • 10.2 Creating Views

    • CREATE VIEW syntax

    • Using views to simplify complex queries

  • 10.3 Modifying and Dropping Views

    • ALTER VIEW, DROP VIEW

  • 10.4 Updatable Views

    • When and how to update data through views

11. SQL Transactions and Concurrency Control

  • 11.1 What is a Transaction?

    • Introduction to transactions

    • The ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)

  • 11.2 Starting and Ending Transactions

    • BEGIN, COMMIT, ROLLBACK

  • 11.3 Savepoints

    • Setting and rolling back to savepoints within a transaction

  • 11.4 Isolation Levels

    • Understanding isolation levels (READ UNCOMMITTED, READ COMMITTED, REPEATABLE READ, SERIALIZABLE)

  • 11.5 Handling Deadlocks

    • What are deadlocks?

    • Strategies for avoiding and resolving deadlocks

12. SQL Indexing and Performance Optimization

  • 12.1 What is an Index?

    • Definition and purpose of indexes

  • 12.2 Creating and Managing Indexes

    • CREATE INDEX, DROP INDEX

    • Types of indexes: single-column, multi-column, unique, full-text

  • 12.3 Query Optimization

    • Understanding query execution plans

    • Using indexes effectively in queries

  • 12.4 Analyzing and Tuning Queries

    • EXPLAIN statement

    • Query profiling tools

  • 12.5 Database Normalization

    • Introduction to normalization

    • Normal forms (1NF, 2NF, 3NF)

    • De-normalization and when to use it

13. SQL Stored Procedures and Functions

  • 13.1 Introduction to Stored Procedures

    • What are stored procedures?

    • Benefits of using stored procedures

  • 13.2 Creating and Executing Stored Procedures

    • CREATE PROCEDURE syntax

    • Passing parameters to procedures

    • CALL statement

  • 13.3 Error Handling in Stored Procedures

    • Using DECLARE, HANDLER, SIGNAL

  • 13.4 Creating and Using Functions

    • CREATE FUNCTION syntax

    • Returning values from functions

  • 13.5 Stored Procedures vs. Functions

    • When to use procedures vs.

functions

14. SQL Triggers

  • 14.1 What is a Trigger?

    • Definition and use cases for triggers

  • 14.2 Creating Triggers

    • CREATE TRIGGER syntax

    • Before and after triggers

  • 14.3 Managing Triggers

    • ALTER TRIGGER, DROP TRIGGER

  • 14.4 Trigger Limitations and Best Practices

    • When to use and avoid triggers

15. SQL Security and User Management

  • 15.1 User Accounts and Permissions

    • Creating and managing users

    • Granting and revoking privileges (GRANT, REVOKE)

  • 15.2 Role-Based Access Control

    • Creating and assigning roles

  • 15.3 Security Best Practices

    • Securing connections to the database

    • Using encryption for sensitive data

  • 15.4 Auditing and Monitoring

    • Tracking user activity

    • Setting up audit logs

16. SQL Backup and Recovery

  • 16.1 Backup Strategies

    • Full backups, incremental backups, differential backups

    • Choosing the right backup strategy

  • 16.2 Performing Backups

    • mysqldump, SQL Server backup tools

  • 16.3 Restoring Data

    • Restoring from backups

    • Point-in-time recovery

  • 16.4 Disaster Recovery Planning

    • Ensuring data availability during failures

    • Implementing failover systems

17. SQL Advanced Topics

  • 17.1 Partitioning Tables

    • Horizontal and vertical partitioning

    • Benefits and use cases

  • 17.2 Handling Large Datasets

    • Strategies for scaling databases

    • Optimizing queries for large datasets

  • 17.3 Working with JSON and XML Data

    • Storing and querying JSON and XML data

    • Using JSON functions in SQL

  • 17.4 Dynamic SQL

    • Writing dynamic SQL queries

    • Using prepared statements

  • 17.5 Temporal Tables

    • Tracking changes with system-versioned tables

18. SQL Practice and Real-World Projects

  • 18.1 Practice Exercises

    • Writing queries based on sample databases (e.g., sakila, world)

  • 18.2 Real-World Projects

    • Building a student management system

    • Developing an e-commerce database

    • Designing a banking database system

  • 18.3 SQL Challenges and Case Studies

    • Solving complex SQL problems

    • Case studies on performance optimization

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